South pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga summary the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which is also known as the treaty of rarotonga, establishes a nuclear weapon free zone in the south pacific. The nuclear problem in the south pacific not long after the dawn of the nuclear age, the south pacific has been turned 254. Australia s obligations under the south pacific nuclear. The concern was that both documents should preclude any. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty rarotonga treaty. Treaty on a nuclearweaponfree zone in central asia canwfz. Treaty inspection means an inspection by a treaty inspector, in. Agreement on south pacific nuclear free zone foreign. Under annex i, the treaty zone covers an extensive part of the south pacific.
South pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty treaty. This step advances the presidents commitment to nuclear non. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga opened for signature. The south pacific nuclear free zone treaty the treaty was opened for signature at rarotonga on august 6, 1985, and entered into force december 11, 1986. United in their commitment to a world at peace gravely concerned that the. By prohibiting all nuclear explosions, even those intended for peaceful purposes, the treaty of rarotongas restrictions exceed those of the treaty of. United in their commitment to a world at peace gravely concerned that the continuing nuclear arms race presents the risk of nuclear war which would have devastating consequences for all people convinced that all countries have an obligation to make every effort to achieve the goal of eliminating. Treaty of tlatelolco, the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga, the. The illegality of selling australian uranium to india. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty united nations treaty. Noting the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty the treaty have agreed as follows.
South pacific nuclear free zone treaty international. The treaty bans the use, testing, and possession of nuclear weapons within the borders of the zone. Protocol 1 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty rarotonga treaty iaea. Secondly, the treaty is the first effort at creating a nuclear weapon free zone which asks the nuclear powers to.
Participant action date of notificationdeposit date of effect. A number of analysts have identified the 1986 south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty as one of australias major achievements in the area of arms control diplomacy. Of the five nuclearweapon states, france and the united kingdom have ratified all. Each party undertakes not to contribute to any act which constitutes a violation of the treaty or its protocols by parties to them.
South pacific nuclearweaponfree zone treaty treaty of. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty united nations. The south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz was established by the treaty of rarotonga, which prohibits the possession, acquisition, stationing, or testing of any nuclear explosive device. Believing that a central asian nuclear weapon free zone will help to promote the security of central asian states, particularly if the five nuclear weapon states, as recognized under the treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons of 1968 hereafter referred to as the npt adhere to the accompanying protocol on security assurances.
On 6 august 1985 the south pacific forum, a body comprising the independent and selfgoverning countries of the south pacific australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the solomon islands, tonga, tuvalu, vanuatu and western samoa, endorsed the text of the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty and opened it for signature. Nuclearweaponfree zones and negative security assurances. South pacific nuclearfree zone spnfz treaty of rarotonga. It was signed by the south pacific nations of australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the. A regional approach to nonproliferation in the south pacific. In august 1985, eight south pacific forum states signed the rarotonga treaty, establishing a nuclear free zone in the south pacific region, including australia, new zealand and island states south of the equator. Verification is achieved by providing reports and exchanging information, and by the application of iaea safeguards.
It is the first such treaty to include the land territory, territorial sea, the 200mile exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of each signatory state. If a member of the south pacific forum whose territory is outside the south pacific nuclear free zone becomes a party to this treaty, annex 1 shall be deemed to be amended so far as is required to enclose at least the territory of that party within the boundaries of the south pacific nuclear free zone. Article 1 each party undertakes to apply, in respect of the territories for which it is internationally responsible situated within the south pacific nuclear free zone, the prohibitions contained in articles 3, 5 and 6, insofar as they related to the. South pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty treaty of rarotonga. The south pacific nuclear weapons free zone treaty, or treaty of rarotonga, prohibits states from manufacturing or controlling nuclear explosive devices anywhere inside or outside the treaty zone. Those who signed were australia, cook islands, kiribati, fiji, new zealand, tuvalu, western samoa and niue. Message on south pacific nuclear weapon free zone treaty pdf today the president submitted the protocols to the african nuclear weapon free zone treaty and the south pacific nuclear weapon free zone treaty to the u. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty and protocols. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty pacific islands forum. The south pacific nuclearweaponfree zone foresees an iaea safeguards. Australias obligations under the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty and uranium sales to india 1. Each party further undertakes not to use or threaten to use any nuclear explosive device against. South pacific nuclear weapons free zone treaty treaty of. An assessment of the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty.
South pacific nuclear free zone treaty with annexes. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty and opened it for signature. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty act 1986 3 subject to subsection 2, includes that treaty as amended from time to time. This was the first time a treaty ally had not allowed a u. The treaty of tlatelolco is the conventional name given to the treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in latin america and the caribbean. Forum on experience of possible relevance to creation of a. Therefore, passage of the nuclear free zone treaty with several loopholes in it helped in maintaining the australianus preponderance in the region and gave mr hawke a much awaited propaganda uplift. The governments of the french republic, the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, and the united states of america will sign on monday, march 25, 1996 the three additional protocols to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which is also known as the treaty. The nuclear suppliers group nsg is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to contribute to the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons through the implementation of two sets of guidelines for nuclear exports and nuclear related exports. The southeast asia nuclear weaponfree zone treaty amitav. Map 1 france in the south pacific, including exclusive economic zones xix map 2 new caledonia xx map 3 location of hydrocarbons off new caledonia xxi. Statement on nuclear free zones in asia and africa. Australia has been a strong supporter of nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation of nuclear weapons and materials. The round table nuclearfreezone in the south pacific.
Spnwfz south pacific nuclear weapons free zone treaty sprep secretariat of the pacific regional environment program spto south pacific. Protocol ii to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. Treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in latin america and the caribbean treaty of tlatelolco, the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga, treaty on. Visits by foreign ships and aircraft to ports and airfields, transit of airspace by foreign air. Islands as other members of the worlds newest nuclear free treaty. States cannot receive assistance or assist other states in endeavors to acquire or manufacture nuclear explosive devices. The african nuclear weapon free zone treaty, also known as the treaty of pelindaba named after south africas main nuclear research centre, run by the south african nuclear energy corporation and was the location where south africas atomic bombs of the 1970s were developed, constructed and subsequently stored, establishes a nuclear weapon free zone in africa. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga, the treaty on the south east asia nuclear weapon free zone treaty of bangkok, the african nuclear weapon free zone treaty treaty of pelindaba and the treaty on a nuclear weapon free zone in central asia treaty of semipalatinsk gather 1 states parties to the nonproliferation. The treaty established the second nuclear weapon free zone in a populated region of the world the first such zone was established by the 1967 treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons. Secretarygeneral, pacific islands forum secretariat. The treaty of rarotonga is the common name for the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which formalises a nuclearweaponfree zone in the south. Spf formally signed the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. Fiji and the cook islands deposited their instrument of ratification at the same occasion. If a member of the south pacific forum whose territory is outside the south pacific nuclear free zone becomes a party to this treaty, annex 1 shall be deemed to be amended so far as is required to enclose at least the territory of that party within the boundaries of the south pacific nucl ear free zone.
For example, in the south pacific nuclear weapons free zone which came into force in 1986, australia did not assert that the united states extends nuclear deterrence to australia until 1996. Australia and the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. The united states, along with the united kingdom and france, signed the three protocols to the treaty on march 25, 1996, at a ceremony in suva, fiji. Ware, susan, the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty 1989. During 1985 there were several indications that countries in the remote south pacific region were asserting an antinuclear. Rarotonga treaty south pacific nuclear free zone pacific. Provisions the south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty, known as the treaty of rarotonga, bans the manufacture, possession, stationing, and testing of any nuclear explosive device in treaty territories for which the parties are internationally responsible. On august 6, 1985, eight leaders of the south pacific forum spf formally signed the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty spnfz.